Shemu'el ben Ya'akov Aharon ben-Mosheh ben-Asher Publisher: Christopher V. Kimball mail@cvkimball.com Unicode/XML Leningrad Codex (UXLC) UXLC 2.5 1 Apr 2026 27.6 31 Mar 2026 12:00 WLC2XML[8 Jul 2024] - Transcription from Michigan-Claremont encoding to Unicode with XML markings. See details in notes. ScanReplace/EditWLC[30 Dec 2020] - Edits/removes transcription notes; removes MDs. ScanReplace/InsertCGJs[29 Dec 2020] - Places CGJ in Jerusalem VUV words and leading metegs. ScanReplace/YBYAH[29 Sep 2021] - Replaces 198 YBYs in Sifrei Emet with AHs. Updater[2 May 2024] - Changes.xml file dated 2020.02.19 . Updater[2 May 2024] - Changes.xml file dated 2020.10.19 . Updater[2 May 2024] - Changes.xml file dated 2021.04.01 . Updater[2 May 2024] - Changes.xml file dated 2021.10.19 . Updater[2 May 2024] - Changes.xml file dated 2022.04.01 . Updater[2 May 2024] - Changes.xml file dated 2022.07.04 . Updater[2 May 2024] - Changes.xml file dated 2022.10.19 . Updater[2 May 2024] - Changes.xml file dated 2022.12.07 . Updater[2 May 2024] - Changes.xml file dated 2023.04.01 . Updater[2 May 2024] - Changes.xml file dated 2023.07.04 . Updater[2 May 2024] - Changes.xml file dated 2023.10.19 . Updater[2 May 2024] - Changes.xml file dated 2024.04.01 . Updater[2 May 2024] - Changes.xml file dated 2024.10.19 . Updater[2 May 2024] - Changes.xml file dated 2025.04.01 . Updater[2 May 2024] - Changes.xml file dated 2025.10.19 . Updater[2 May 2024] - Changes.xml file dated 2026.04.01 . ScanReplace/RemoveNewlines[18 May 2024] - Removes newlines (\n) from w, q, k tags. 28052 Via web site: Christopher V. Kimball https://tanach.us/Tanach.xml mail@cvkimball.com Freely available The original text file wlc420_ps.txt was provided by the Groves Center. The file has the MD5 hash: d31a 6a6e 9afa bf82 272c 2efb 0522 a12e and was dated 25 Jan 2016. Six transcription notes (5,7,F) have been moved to the noted character (Lev 11:42.4, Judg 18:30.11, Isa 9.6.1, Ps 80:14.3, Job 38:13.5, Job 38:15.2) to produce the file wlc420_ps_td.txt for conversion to Unicode and XML by the program WLC2XML. The only other changes to the Groves Center text are: The book names in English and Hebrew of the Jewish Publication Society Tanach and book abbreviations from the New Revised Standard Version have been added. MC code 32 added as atnah hafukh by Steve Salisbury, 30 Sep 2021. The atnah hafukh codepoint, x05a2, has been added to the character table; it does not appear in WLC 4.20. Shemu'el ben Ya'akov Aharon ben-Mosheh ben-Asher Original document Russian National Library (Saltykov-Shchedrin) St. Petersburg (Leningrad) 1008 Firkovich B 19 A Freedman, David Noel Beck, Astrid B. First Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. Grand Rapids, MI 1998 0-8028-3786-7 Salisbury, Stephen K. WLC 4.20 The J. Alan Groves Center for Advanced Biblical Research ("Groves Center"). 2960 Church Rd. Glenside, PA 19038 25 January 2016 From WLC 4.20 provided by the Groves Center. 25 Jan 2016 Hebrew ֑ 0591 Etnaḥta אֶתְנַחְתָּ֑א Accent D-1 ֒ 0592 Segol סֶגוֹל֒ Accent D-2 Segolta Postpositive. This is the ACCENT Segol, not to be confused with the vowel (POINT) Segol. ֓ 0593 Shalshelet שַׁלְשֶׁ֓לֶת Accent D-2 ֔ 0594 Zaqef Qatan זָקֵף־קָט֔וֹן Accent D-2 ֕ 0595 Zaqef Gadol זָקֵף־גָּד֕וֹל Accent D-2 ֖ 0596 Tipeḥa טִפְּחָ֖א Accent D-2 Tarḥa   ֗ 0597 Revia רְבִ֗יעַ Accent D-3 ֘ 0598 Zarqa זַרְקָא֮ Accent D-3 Tsinorit This Unicode character is used for a Zarqa appearing directly above a letter, a 'stress helper' Zarqa. A true Zarqa is postpositive and is shown by a Unicode Zinor. (!) The Hebrew name shows a Unicode Zinor. ֙ 0599 Pashta פַּשְׁטָא֙ Accent D-3 Postpositive. ֚ 059a Yetiv יְ‏֚תִיב Accent D-3 Prepositive. ֛ 059b Tevir תְּבִ֛יר Accent D-3 ֜ 059c Geresh גֶּ֜רֶשׁ Accent D-4 ֝ 059d Geresh Muqdam גֵּרֵשׁ־מֻ֝קְדָּם Accent Occurs only in the Sifrei Emet. Prepositive. ֞ 059e Gershayim גֵּרְשַׁיִ֞ם Accent D-4 ֟ 059f Qarney Para קַרְנֵי־פָרָ֟ה Accent D-4 Pazer gadol ֠ 05a0 Telisha Gedola תְּלִישָׁה־גְּ֠דוֹלָ֠ה Accent D-4 Prepositive. ֡ 05a1 Pazer פָּזֵ֡ר Accent D-4 ֢ 05a2 Atnaḥ Hafukh אַתְנָח־הָפ֢וּךְ Accent Sifrei Emet only The accent should appear as an inverted Etnaḥta. ֣ 05a3 Munaḥ מוּנַ֣ח Accent C In a word with a Munaḥ ending with a Unicode Paseq, the Unicode Paseq is often interpreted as a Legarmeh accent (D-4). ֤ 05a4 Mahapakh מַהְפַּ֤ךְ Accent C ֥ 05a5 Merkha מֵרְכָ֥א Accent C Yored   ֦ 05a6 Merkha Kefula מֵרְכָא־כְפוּלָ֦ה Accent C ֧ 05a7 Darga דַּרְגָ֧א Accent C ֨ 05a8 Qadma קַדְמָ֨א Accent C Easily confused with Pashta, which is postpositive. ֩ 05a9 Telisha Qetana תְּלִישָׁה־קְטַנָה֩ Accent C Postpositive. ֪ 05aa Yeraḥ Ben Yomo יֶרַח־בֶּן־יוֹמ֪וֹ Accent C Galgal The name means "new moon"; the accent should appear as a semi-circular cup. Displayed as an Unicode Atnah Hafukh, x05a2, with most fonts. ֫ 05ab Ole עוֹלֶ֫ה Accent Sifrei Emet only ֬ 05ac Iluy עִלּ֬וּי Accent Sifrei Emet only ֭ 05ad Deḥi דֶּ֭חִי Accent Sifrei Emet only Prepositive. ֮ 05ae Zinor צִינּוֹר֮ Accent D-3 Zarqa This character is used for real (postpositive) Zarqa as opposed to 'stress helper' Zarqa which is implemented as a Unicode Zarqa. The transliterated name should really be Tsinor. ְ 05b0 Sheva שְׁוָא Point ֱ 05b1 Ḥataf Segol חֲטַף סֶגוֹל Point ֲ 05b2 Ḥataf Pataḥ חֲטַף פַּתָּח Point ֳ 05b3 Ḥataf Qamats חֲטַף קָמָץ Point ִ 05b4 Ḥiriq חִירִיק Point ֵ 05b5 Tsere צֵירֵי Point ֶ 05b6 Segol סֶגוֹל Point This is the Vowel (POINT) Segol, not to be confused with the ACCENT Segol. ַ 05b7 Pataḥ פַּתָּח Point   Furtive pataḥ is not a distinct character. ָ 05b8 Qamats קָמָץ Point ֹ 05b9 Ḥolam (dot) חוֹלָם Point ֺ 05ba Ḥolam ḥaser for vav (dot) חוֹלָם חָסֵר בְּוָי״ו Point ֻ 05bb Qubuts קֻבּוּץ Point ּ 05bc Dagesh דָּגֵשׁ Point Mapiq, Shuruq dot Falls within base letter. ֽ 05bd Meteg מֱתֶג Point Siluq Serves often as the Hebrew accent Siluq (D-1). A center meteg is preceded by a ZWJ (x200D) for positioning. ־ 05be Maqaf מַקֵּף Point   The UXLC displays this accent in the Vowels content mode. ֿ 05bf Rafe רָפֶה Point Indicates the absence of a dagesh. The UXLC shows only "important" rafes. ׀ 05c0 Paseq פָּסֵק Punctuation This character functions as a Legarmeh (D-4) in some contexts and as a true Paseq in others. Each Unicode Paseq is preceded by a Space (x0020) for positioning. ׁ 05c1 Shin Dot Point ׂ 05c2 Sin Dot Point ׃ 05c3 Sof Pasuq סוֹף פָּסוּק Point   The UXLC displays this accent in the Vowels content mode. ׄ 05c4 Upper Dot Mark ׅ 05c5 Lower Dot Mark א 05d0 Alef אָלֶף Letter   ב 05d1 Bet בֵּית Letter ג 05d2 Gimel גִימֵל Letter ד 05d3 Dalet דָלֶת Letter ה 05d4 He הֵא Letter ו 05d5 Vav וָו Letter ז 05d6 Zayin זַיִן Letter ח 05d7 Ḥet חֵית Letter ט 05d8 Tet טֵית Letter י 05d9 Yod יוֹד Letter ך 05da Final Kaf כַּף סוֹפִית Letter כ 05db Kaf כַּף Letter ל 05dc Lamed לָמֶד Letter ם 05dd Final Mem מֵם סוֹפִית Letter מ 05de Mem מֵם Letter ן 05df Final Nun נוּן סוֹפִית Letter נ 05e0 Nun נוּן Letter ס 05e1 Samekh סָמֶךְ Letter ע 05e2 Ayin עַיִן Letter ף 05e3 Final Pe פֵּה סוֹפִית Letter פ 05e4 Pe פֵּה Letter ץ 05e5 Final Tsadi צַדִי סוֹפִית Letter צ 05e6 Tsadi צַדִי Letter ק 05e7 Qof קוֹף Letter ר 05e8 Resh רֵישׁ Letter ש 05e9 Shin שִׁין Letter ת 05ea Tav תָו Letter / 002f Slash / Special   Morphological divider. Appears as ' ¦ ' in odt and pdf files.   0020 Space     Space appears in an XML tag only before a Unicode Paseq.   ͏ 034f Combining grapheme joiner (CGJ)     Improves browser display of Decalogue/Reuven saga, Jerusalem, and leading Metegs.   ‍ 200d Zero width joiner (ZWJ)     Center Meteg is a ZWJ + Meteg.   4 4 Puncta extraordinaria -- an x05c4 is used to mark such marks in the text when they are above the line and an x05c5 when they are below the line. 5 5 Large letter(s). Shown as large letters. 6 6 Small letter(s). Shown as small letters. 7 7 Suspended letter(s). Shown as suspended letters. 8 8 Inverted nun in the text. c c Text is correct relative to LC. Usually this marks a peculiarity of the LC relative to the other Masoretic texts. d d This tipeha is a dehi in other texts. m m This meteg is a merkha in other texts. q q UXLC differs from the conventional word for the qere. t t Transcription uncertain. Examine the LC image for other possible readings. X X This verse does NOT occur in the Leningrad Codex. Included for continuity of verse numbering. y y Yatir: The preceding Hebrew letter is "superfluous".